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O Arsenal sofreutilt pokersegunda derrota nesta temporada do Campeonato Ingl�s neste s�bado. Contra o Aston Villa, a equipe foi?? superada por 1 a 0 no Villa Park e n�o terminou o dia fora da lideran�a. Mikel Arteta, t�cnico da?? equipe, analisou o resultado.
Os Gunners foram vazados logo nos primeiros minutos de jogo. McGinn girou bem dentro da �rea e?? marcou o que seria o �nico gol da partida. O Arsenal pressionou os visitantes em busca do empate, mas n�o?? conseguiu concluir as jogadas de maneira satisfat�ria. Para Arteta, a equipe n�o foi suficientemente precisa nas finaliza��es.
"Tiveram muitas coisas n�s?? fizemos muito bem hoje, mas isso � definido nas �reas e n�o tivemos a precis�o que � necess�ria neste n�vel?? para ganhar o jogo", disse. "Tivemos algumas chances claras para colocar a bola no fundo das redes ou de fazer?? um passe quando o gol estava completamente aberto, mas n�o conseguimos", completou.
Casagrande
Mudar o nome do CT n�o far� Corinthians campe�o
Juca?? Kfouri
A Premier League amea�a o Brasileir�o
Josias de Souza
Gleisi apela para o impeachment
Carolina Br�gido
Governo prepara veto a indulto a membro de?? fac��o
A tough night in Birmingham. pic.twitter.com/5jyyP6GO8J? Arsenal (@Arsenal) December 9, 2023O resultado deixou o Arsenal na segunda coloca��o da Premier?? League, com um ponto a menos que o novo l�der Liverpool. Na ter�a-feira, os Gunners encerramtilt pokerparticipa��o na fase?? de grupos da Liga dos Campe�es com um confronto contra o PSV, �s 12h45 (de Bras�lia), no Philips Stadion.
A tough?? night in Birmingham. pic.twitter.com/5jyyP6GO8J
? Arsenal (@Arsenal) December 9, 2023
O resultado deixou o Arsenal na segunda coloca��o da Premier League, com?? um ponto a menos que o novo l�der Liverpool. Na ter�a-feira, os Gunners encerramtilt pokerparticipa��o na fase de grupos?? da Liga dos Campe�es com um confronto contra o PSV, �s 12h45 (de Bras�lia), no Philips Stadion.
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Procedures of betting in poker
This article is about the common terms, rules, and
procedures of betting in poker only. For?? the strategic impact of betting, see poker
strategy
In the game of poker, the play largely centers on the act of?? betting, and as
such, a protocol has been developed to speed up play, lessen confusion, and increase
security while playing.?? Different games are played using different types of bets, and
small variations in etiquette exist between cardrooms, but for the?? most part the
following rules and protocol are observed by the majority of poker players.
Procedure [
edit ]
Players in a?? poker game act in turn, in clockwise rotation (acting out of turn
can negatively affect other players). When it is?? a player's turn to act, the first
verbal declaration or action they take binds them to their choice of action;?? this rule
prevents a player from changing their action after seeing how other players react to
their initial action.[1]
Until the?? first bet is made each player in turn may "check",
which is to not place a bet, or "open", which?? is to make the first bet. After the first
bet each player may "fold", which is to drop out of?? the hand losing any bets they have
already made; "call", which is to match the highest bet so far made;?? or "raise", which
is to increase the previous high bet.[1]
A player may fold by surrendering one's cards.
(Some games may?? have specific rules regarding how to fold: for example in stud poker
one must turn one's upcards face down.) A?? player may check by tapping the table or
making any similar motion. All other bets are made by placing chips?? in front of the
player, but not directly into the pot ("splashing the pot" prevents other players from
verifying the?? bet amount).[1]
Order of betting [ edit ]
Play proceeds to the left of
the dealer
In general, the person to the left?? of the dealer acts first and action
proceeds in a clockwise fashion. If any player has folded earlier, action proceeds?? to
next player. In games with blinds, the first round of betting begins with the player to
the left of?? the blinds. In stud games, the action begins with the player showing the
strongest cards and proceeds clockwise. If there?? is a bring-in, the first round of
betting begins with the player obliged to post the bring-in.
Check [ edit ]
If?? no one
has yet opened the betting round, a player may pass or check, which is equivalent to
betting zero?? and/or to call the current bet of zero. When checking, a player declines
to make a bet; this indicates that?? they do not wish to open, but do wish to keep their
cards and retain the right to call or?? raise later in the same round if an opponent
opens. In games played with blinds, players may not check on?? the opening round because
the blinds are live bets and must be called or raised to remain in the hand.?? A player
who has posted the big blind has the right to raise on the first round, called the
option,?? if no other player has raised; if they decline to raise they are said to check
their option. If all?? players check, the betting round is over with no additional money
placed in the pot (often called a free round?? or free card). A common way to signify
checking is to tap the table, either with a fist, knuckles, an?? open hand or the index
finger(s).
Open, bet, raise [ edit ]
If in any betting round it is a player's turn?? to
act and the action is unopened, then the player can open action in a betting round by
making a?? bet�the act of making the first voluntary bet in a betting round is called
opening the round. On the first?? betting round, it is also called opening the pot,
though in variants where blind bets are common, the blind bets?? "open" the first betting
round and other players call and/or raise the "big blind" bet. Some poker variations
have special?? rules about opening a round that may not apply to other bets. For example,
a game may have a betting?? structure that specifies different allowable amounts for
opening than for other bets, or may require a player to hold certain?? cards (such as
"Jacks or better") to open.
The pot of chips is normally kept in the center of the
table
Normally,?? a player makes a bet by placing the chips they wish to wager into the
pot. Under normal circumstances, all?? other players still in the pot must either call
the full amount of the bet or raise if they wish?? to remain in, the only exceptions
being when a player does not have sufficient stake remaining to call the full?? amount of
the bet (in which case they may either call with their remaining stake to go "all-in"
or fold)?? or when the player is already all-in.
To raise is to increase the size of an
existing bet in the same?? betting round. A player making the second (not counting the
open) or subsequent raise of a betting round is said?? to re-raise. A player making a
raise after previously checking in the same betting round is said to check-raise. The
?? sum of the opening bet and all raises is the amount that all players in the hand must
call in?? order to remain eligible to win the pot, subject to the table stakes rules
described in the previous paragraph.
A bluff?? is when a player bets or raises when it is
likely they do not have the best hand; it is?? often done in hopes that (an) opponent(s)
will fold mediocre yet stronger hands. When a player bets or raises with?? a weak hand
that has a chance of improvement on a later betting round, the bet or raise is
classified?? as a semi-bluff. On the other hand, a bet made by a player who hopes or
expects to be called?? by weaker hands is classified as a value bet.[2]
In no-limit and
pot-limit games, there is a minimum amount that is?? required to be bet in order to open
the action. In games with blinds, this amount is usually the amount?? of the big blind.
Modern poker rules require that raises must be at least equal to the amount of the
?? previous bet or raise. For example, if an opponent betsR$5, a player must raise by at
least anotherR$5, and they?? may not raise by onlyR$2. If a player raises a bet ofR$5
byR$7 (for a total ofR$12), the next re-raise?? would have to be by at least anotherR$7
(the previous raise) more than theR$12 (for a total of at leastR$19).?? The primary
purpose of the minimum raise rule is to avoid game delays caused by "nuisance" raises
(small raises of?? large bets, such as an extraR$1 over a current bet ofR$50, that have
little effect on the action but take?? time as all others must call). This rule is
overridden by table stakes rules, so that a player may in?? fact raise aR$5 bet byR$2 if
thatR$2 is their entire remaining stake. The only exception is if someone goes all?? in
for less than a legal raise. For example, if the minimum bet isR$5 and a player goes
all in?? forR$4, the next player can call theR$4; if they want to raise, they would have
to make itR$9 ($4 plus?? the minimum bet).
In no-limit and pot-limit games, if a player
opens action in a betting round by placing any number?? of chips in the pot without a
verbal declaration, or if they place two or more chips in the pot?? of sufficient value
to raise an outstanding bet or raise without a verbal declaration, then the full amount
placed in?? the pot will be assumed to be the amount of the bet or raise. Sometimes, a
player will not have?? enough chips in smaller denominations that would be needed to make
a bet or raise in the desired amount�for example,?? a player may be out ofR$1 andR$5
chips and still haveR$25 chips�if the pot is currentlyR$70 and the player wants?? to open
action by betting half the pot, they will want to betR$35. In such cases, instead of
slowing down?? the game by asking the dealer or another player to provide "change" a
player may simply verbally declare the amount?? they are betting while placing (a)
chip(s) of sufficient value to make good on the bet. Any "change" will be?? returned to
them by the dealer if necessary.
Also in no-limit and pot-limit games, a raise may be
expressed as either?? a raise byR$X or a raise toR$X. For example, suppose Alice opens by
bettingR$5. If Dianne subsequently announces "I raise?? byR$15" she will be raising
byR$15 over and above the opening bet ofR$5, for a total bet ofR$20. On the?? other hand,
if Dianne subsequently announces "I raise toR$15" she will be raising by onlyR$10 for a
total bet ofR$15.?? Today, most public cardrooms prefer for players to use the raise to
standard as opposed to the raise by standard.?? In the event of any ambiguity in a
player's verbal action while raising, the player will normally be bound to?? raise to the
stated amount. For example, if Alice were to have opened with aR$5 bet and Dianne
subsequently announced?? "raise,R$15" while puttingR$15 into pot (making the potR$20), in
most public cardrooms Dianne would be bound to a total bet?? ofR$15 and the "excess"R$5
would be returned to her.
In fixed-limit games, the size of bets and raises is
determined by?? the specified stakes. For example, inR$3/$6 fixed limit Hold 'em, during
the first two betting rounds (preflop and flop) the?? big blind isR$3, the opening bet
after the flop must be forR$3 and all raises must be forR$3. For the?? last two betting
rounds (turn and river) the opening bet must be forR$6 and all raises must be forR$6.
As?? in no-limit and pot-limit games, these amounts will be over-ridden by table stakes
rules (so for example, inR$3/$6 fixed limit?? Hold 'em a player could bet, raise or call
for onlyR$2 at any time if that is their remaining stake).
Also,?? in fixed-limit and
spread-limit games most casinos cap the total number of raises allowed in a single
betting round (typically?? three or four, not including the opening bet of a round). For
example, in a casino with a three-raise rule,?? if one player opens the betting forR$5,
the next raises byR$5 making itR$10, a third player raises anotherR$5, and a?? fourth
player raisesR$5 again making the current betR$20, the betting is said to be capped at
that point, and no?? further raises beyond theR$20 level will be allowed on that round.
It is common to suspend this rule when there?? are only two players betting in the round
(called being heads-up), since either player can call the last raise if?? they wish.
Pot-limit and no-limit games do not have a limit on the number of raises.
If, because
of opening or?? raising, there is an amount bet that the player in-turn has not paid, the
player must at least match that?? amount, or must fold; the player cannot pass or call a
lesser amount (except where table stakes rules apply).
Call [?? edit ]
To call is to
match a bet or match a raise. A betting round ends when all active players?? have bet an
equal amount. If no opponents call a player's bet or raise, the player wins the
pot.
The second?? and subsequent calls of a particular bet amount are sometimes called
overcalls. This term is also sometimes used to describe?? a call made by a player who has
put money in the pot for this round already. A player calling?? a raise before they have
invested money in the pot in that round is cold calling. For example, if in?? a betting
round, Alice bets, Dianne raises, and Carol calls, Carol "calls two bets cold". A
player calling instead of?? raising with a strong hand is smooth calling or flat calling,
a form of slow play.
Calling in the final betting?? round when a player thinks they do
not have the best hand is called a crying call. Calling when a?? player has a relatively
weak hand but suspects their opponent may be bluffing is called a hero call. Calling a
?? bet prior to the final betting round with the intention of bluffing on a later betting
round is called a?? float.
In public cardrooms, placing a single chip in the pot of any
value sufficient to call an outstanding bet or?? raise without a verbal action declaring
otherwise always constitutes a call. If necessary, any "change" from the chip will be
?? returned to the player at the end of the betting round, or perhaps even sooner if this
can conveniently be?? done. If, when it is a player's turn to act, the player already has
an oversized chip in the pot?? that has not yet been "changed" and that is of sufficient
value to call an outstanding bet or raise, then?? the player may call by tapping the
table as if checking.
In public cardrooms and casinos where verbal declarations are
binding,?? the word "call" is such a declaration. In public card rooms, the practice of
saying "I call, and raiseR$100" is?? considered a string raise and is not allowed. Saying
"I call" commits the player to the action of calling, and?? only calling.
Note that the
verb "see" can often be used instead of "call": "Dianne saw Carol's bet", although the
latter?? can also be used with the bettor as the object: "I'll see you" means 'I will
call your bet'. However,?? terms such as "overseeing" and "cold seeing" are not
valid.
Fold [ edit ]
To fold is to discard one's hand and?? forfeit interest in the
current pot. No further bets are required by the folding player, but the player cannot
win.?? Folding may be indicated verbally or by discarding one's hand face down into the
pile of other discards called the?? muck, or into the pot (uncommon). For this reason it
is also called mucking. In stud poker played in the?? United States, it is customary to
signal folding by turning all of one's cards face down. Once a person indicates?? a fold
or states I fold, that person cannot re-enter the hand. In casinos in the United
Kingdom, a player?? folds by giving their hand as is to the "house" dealer, who spreads
the cards face up for the other?? players to see before mucking them.
Etiquette [ edit
]
Action and betting [ edit ]
When participating in the hand, a player?? is expected to
keep track of the betting action. Losing track of the amount needed to call, called the
bet?? to the player, happens occasionally, but multiple occurrences of this slow the game
down and so it is discouraged. The?? dealer may be given the responsibility of tracking
the current bet amount, from which each player has only to subtract?? their contribution,
if any, thus far.
To aid players in tracking bets, and to ensure all players have bet
the correct?? amount, players stack the amount they have bet in the current round in
front of them. When the betting round?? is over (a common phrase is "the pot's good"),
the players will push their stacks into the pot or the?? dealer will gather them into the
pot. Tossing chips directly into the pot (known as splashing the pot), though popular
?? in film and television depictions of the game, causes confusion over the amount of a
raise and can be used?? to hide the true amount of a bet. Likewise, string raises, or the
act of raising by first placing chips?? to call and then adding chips to raise, causes
confusion over the amount bet. Both actions are generally prohibited at?? casinos and
discouraged at least in other cash games.
Acting out of turn [ edit ]
Most actions
(calls, raises or folds)?? occurring out-of-turn�when players to the right of the player
acting have not yet made decisions as to their own action�are?? considered improper, for
several reasons. First, since actions by a player give information to other players,
acting out of turn?? gives the person in turn information that they normally would not
have, to the detriment of players who have already?? acted.
For instance, say that with
three players in a hand, Player A has a weak hand but decides to try?? a bluff with a
large opening bet. Player C then folds out of turn while Player B is making up?? their
mind. Player B now knows that if they fold, A will take the pot, and also knows that
they?? cannot be re-raised if they call. This may encourage Player B, if they have a good
"drawing hand" (a hand?? currently worth nothing but with a good chance to improve
substantially in subsequent rounds), to call the bet, to the?? disadvantage of Player
A.
Second, calling or raising out of turn, in addition to the information it provides,
assumes all players?? who would act before the out of turn player would not exceed the
amount of the out-of-turn bet. This may?? not be the case, and would result in the player
having to bet twice to cover preceding raises, which would?? cause confusion.
Cards [
edit ]
Players work to minimize the visibility of their hand to others by only turning
up part?? of their cards
A player is never required to expose their concealed cards when
folding or if all others have folded;?? this is only required at the showdown.
Many
casinos and public cardrooms using a house dealer require players to protect their
?? hands. This is done either by holding the cards or, if they are on the table, by
placing a chip?? or other object on top. Unprotected hands in such situations are
generally considered folded and are mucked by the dealer?? when action reaches the
player. This can spark heated controversy, and is rarely done in private games.
The
style of game?? generally determines whether players should hold face-down cards in their
hands or leave them on the table. Holding "hole" cards?? allows players to view them more
quickly and thus speeds up gameplay, but spectators watching over a player's shoulder
can?? communicate the strength of that hand to other players, even unintentionally.
Unwary players can hold their hand such that a?? "rubbernecker" in an adjacent seat can
sneak a peek at the cards. Lastly, given the correct light and angles, players?? wearing
glasses can inadvertently show their opponents their hole cards through the reflection
in their glasses. Thus for most poker?? variants involving a combination of faceup and
facedown cards (most variants of stud and community are dealt in this manner),?? the
standard method is to keep hole cards face-down on the table except when it is that
player's turn to?? act. Five-card draw is generally played with hands held by the players
at all times.
Cash and chips [ edit ]
Chips?? are available in many denominations
Making
change out of the pot is allowed in most games; to avoid confusion, the player?? should
announce their intentions first. Then, if opening or cold calling, the player may
exchange a large chip for its?? full equivalent value out of the pot before placing their
bet, or if over-calling may place the chip (announcing that?? they are calling or raising
a lesser amount) and remove the change from their own bet for the round. Normally,?? if a
player places one oversized chip in the pot without explicitly voicing intention while
facing a bet, the action?? is automatically deemed a call whether or not the chip is
large enough to otherwise qualify as a raise. In?? most casinos players are prohibited
from handling chips once they are placed in the pot, although a player removing their
?? own previous bet in the current round from the pot for the purpose of calling a raise
(or re-raising) is?? usually tolerated. Otherwise, the dealer is expected to make change
when required.
Making change should, in general, be done between hands?? whenever
possible, when a player sees they are running low of an oft-used value. The house
dealer at most casinos?? maintains a chip bank and can usually make change for a large
amount of chips. In informal games, players can?? make change with each other or with
unused chips in the set. While this can prevent delays while players figure?? out change
for a bet, casinos generally frown on or outright prohibit such practices to prevent
players from surreptitiously "ratholing"?? (taking away and securing part of the stakes
for personal use) and/or circumventing buy-in limits. Similarly, buying in for an
?? additional amount must be done between hands (or, at least, done after a player has
folded during the current hand)?? since players are not allowed to add to their stack
during a hand. If buy-ins cannot and/or are not expected?? to be handled by the dealer it
can take two or three hands for an attendant to bring another tray?? to the table. As
described below, some casinos alleviate this issue by allowing cash to be deemed
temporarily "in play"?? while staff fetches chips. Players who wish to always play with
at least the buy-in limit will often carry additional?? chips in their pocket so that
whenever they lose a pot they can quickly "top up" without inconveniencing the dealer
?? or delaying the game.
While having players buy chips directly from the dealer is seen
as a convenience by some players,?? and can help deter players from exceeding buy-in
limits, many players dislike this system because it slows down the game,?? especially if
the dealer is expected to count large numbers of small denominations of chips. Also,
many jurisdictions require all?? such purchases (or, at least, all larger transactions)
to be confirmed (primarily to ensure accuracy) by a supervisor or other?? staff member,
potentially causing further delay. To speed up play (and, by extension, increase the
number of hands dealt and?? rake earned by the casino), many casinos require players to
buy chips from a cashier - to assist players, some?? establishments employ chip runners
to bring cash and chips to and from the tables. Many casinos have a dedicated cashier
?? station located in or very near the poker room, although in some (usually, smaller
venues) the same cashier station that?? handles other transactions will also handle
poker-related purchases. In addition, if the casino uses the same chips for poker as
?? for other games then it is often possible to bring chips from such games to the poker
table.
Touching another player's?? chips without permission is a serious breach of
protocol and can result in the player being barred from the casino.
Most?? tournaments
and many cash games require that larger denomination chips be stacked in front (i.e.,
closer to the center of?? the table, or closer to the pot) of the player's lesser
denomination chips, or at least stacked in such a?? manner that they can be easily seen
by all opponents. This rule is employed to discourage attempts to conceal stack?? size.
Some casinos discourage, prohibit or simply refrain from circulating larger chip
denominations to prevent them from being used in?? lower-stakes cash games, although the
drawback is that larger stacks won during play will become more difficult to handle and
?? manage as a result.
Some informal games allow a bet to be made by placing the amount of
cash on the?? table without converting it to chips, as this speeds up play. However,
table stakes rules strictly prohibit this from being?? done while a hand is in progress.
Other drawbacks to using cash include the ease with which cash can be?? "ratholed", which
is normally disallowed, in addition to the security risk of leaving cash on the table.
As a result,?? many games and virtually all casinos require a formal "buy-in" when a
player wishes to increase their stake, or at?? least require any cash placed on the table
to be converted into chips as quickly as possible.
Players in home games?? typically have
both cash and chips available; thus, if money for expenses other than bets is needed,
such as food,?? drinks and fresh decks of cards, many players typically pay out of
pocket. Some players (especially professionals) loathe removing any?? part of their stack
from play for any reason, especially once their stacks exceed the initial buy-in limit.
In casinos?? and public cardrooms, however, the use of cash is occasionally restricted or
discouraged, so players often establish a small cache?? of chips called the "kitty", used
to pay for such things. Players contribute a chip of lowest value towards the?? kitty
when they win a pot, and it pays for expenses other than bets such as tipping the
dealer as?? well as (where applicable) to pay for "rent" (formally known as time fees)
and/or buying fresh decks of cards (while?? many public cardrooms include such costs in
the "rake" or other fees, some charge separately for such things as playing?? cards and
"rent"), and similar costs.
At a casino, dealers who exchange cash for chips are
expected to immediately secure any?? cash by placing it into a locked box near their
station. This means that regardless of how chips are purchased,?? when cashing them in it
is typically not possible to sell them back to the dealer since they have no?? access to
any cash. Poker chips must therefore be taken to the cashier to be exchanged for cash.
Dealers who?? handle buy-ins will often be willing (and sometimes encourage) departing
players to "color up" their stacks by exchanging them for?? the highest-available
denominations, both for the convenience of the player and to minimize the number of
times casino staff must?? deliver fresh chips to the poker table - a time-consuming
process. On the other hand, casinos that expect players to?? buy chips from the cashier
will usually furnish players with chip trays (typically designed to handle 100 chips
each) to?? ease the handling of large numbers of chips.
Chips given by players or
otherwise retained by the dealer for tips, rake?? and other fees (where applicable) are
usually placed in separate locked boxes by the dealer, although in some casinos the
?? rake is kept in a separate row in the dealer's tray.
Other rules [ edit ]
Public
cardrooms often have additional rules?? designed to speed up play, earn revenue for the
casino (such as the "rake"), improve security and discourage cheating.
Forced bets?? [
edit ]
All poker games require some forced bets to create an initial stake for the
players to contest, as?? well as an initial cost of being dealt each hand for one or more
players. The requirements for forced bets?? and the betting limits of the game (see
below) are collectively called the game's betting structure.
Ante [ edit ]
An ante?? is a
forced bet in which all players put an equal amount of money or chips into the pot
before?? the deal begins. Often this is either a single unit (a one-value or the smallest
value in play) or some?? other small amount; a proportion such as a half or a quarter of
the minimum bet is also common. An?? ante paid by every player ensures that a player who
folds every round will lose money (though slowly), thus providing?? all players with an
incentive, however small, to play the hand rather than toss it in when the opening bet
?? reaches them.
Antes are the most common forced bet in draw poker and stud poker but are
uncommon in games featuring?? blind bets (see next section). However, some tournament
formats of games featuring blinds impose an ante to discourage extremely tight?? play.
Antes encourage players to play more loosely by lowering the cost of staying in the
hand (calling) relative to?? the current pot size, offering better pot odds. With antes,
more players stay in the hand, which increases pot size?? and makes for more interesting
play. This is considered important to ensure good ratings for televised tournament
finals. Most televised?? high-stakes cash games also use both blinds and antes. Televised
cash games usually have one of the players, normally the?? dealer, pay for everyone to
accelerate play. If there are six players for example, the dealer would toss six times
?? the ante into the pot, paying for each person. Tournaments which employ antes, often do
so only in the later?? rounds.[3]
In live cash games where the acting dealer changes each
turn, it is not uncommon for the players to agree?? that the dealer (or some other
position relative to the button) provides the ante for each player. This simplifies
betting,?? but causes minor inequities if other players come and go or miss their turn to
deal. During such times, the?? player can be given a special button indicating the need
to pay an ante to the pot (known as "posting";?? see below) upon their return. Some
cardrooms eliminate these inequities by always dealing all players into every hand
whether they?? are present or not. In such cases casino staff (or neighboring players
under staff supervision) will be expected to post?? antes and fold hands on behalf of
absent players as necessary.
Blinds [ edit ]
A standard Texas hold 'em game with
?? blinds
A blind bet or just blind is a forced bet placed into the pot by one or more
players before?? the deal begins, in a way that simulates bets made during play. The most
common use of blinds as a?? betting structure calls for two blinds: the player after the
dealer blinds about half of what would be a normal?? bet, and the next player blinds what
would be a whole bet. This two-blind structure, sometimes with antes, is the?? dominating
structure of play for community card poker games such as Texas hold 'em. Sometimes only
one blind is used?? (often informally as a "price of winning" the previous hand), and
sometimes three are used (this is sometimes seen in?? Omaha hold 'em). In the case of
three blinds (usually one quarter, one quarter, and half a normal bet amount),?? the
first blind goes "on the button", that is, is paid by the dealer.
A blind is usually a
"live bet";?? the amount paid as the blind is considered when figuring the bet to that
player (the amount needed to call)?? during the first round. However, some situations,
such as when a player was absent from the table during a hand?? in which they should have
paid a blind, call for placing a "dead blind"; the blind does not count as?? a bet.
For
example, in aR$2�4 limit game, the first player to the dealer's left (who, if not for
the blinds,?? would be the first to act) posts a small blind ofR$1, and the next player
in turn posts a big?? blind ofR$2. After the cards are dealt, play begins with the next
player in turn (third from the dealer), who?? must either callR$2, raise, or fold. When
the betting returns to the player who blindedR$1, they must equal the bet?? facing them
(toward which they may count theirR$1), raise, or fold. If there have been no raises
when action first?? gets to the big blind (that is, the bet amount facing them is just
the amount of the big blind?? they posted), the big blind has the ability to raise or
check. This right to raise (called the option) occurs?? only once. As with any raise, if
their raise is now called by every player, the first betting round closes?? as
usual.
Similarly to a missed ante, a missed blind due to the player's temporary absence
(e.g. for drinks or a?? restroom break) can be denoted by use of a special button. Upon
the player's return, they must pay the applicable?? blind to the pot for the next hand
they will participate in. The need for this rule is eliminated in?? casinos that deal in
absent players as described above. Also the rule is for temporary absences only; if a
player?? leaves the table permanently, special rules govern the assigning of blinds and
button (see next subsection).
In some fixed-limit and spread-limit?? games, especially if
three blinds are used, the big blind amount may be less than the normal betting
minimum. Players?? acting after a sub-minimum blind have the right to call the blind as
it is, even though it is less?? than the amount they would be required to bet, or they
may raise the amount needed to bring the current?? bet up to the normal minimum, called
completing the bet. For example, a limit game with aR$5 minimum bet on?? the first round
might have blinds ofR$1 andR$2. Players acting after the blind may either call theR$2,
or raise toR$5.?? After the bet is raised toR$5, the next raise must be toR$10 in
accordance with the normal limits.
When a player?? in the blinds leaves the game [ edit
]
When one or more players pays the small or big blinds for?? a hand, then after that
hand permanently leaves the game (by "busting out" in a tournament or simply calling it
?? a night at a public cardroom), an adjustment is required in the positioning of the
blinds and the button. There?? are three common rule sets to determine this:
Simplified :
The dealer button moves to the next active player on the?? left, and the small and big
blinds are paid by the first and second players remaining to the left. This?? is the
easiest to track and always rotates the button, but results in "missed blinds". For
instance, a player "under?? the gun" when the player in the big blind busts out ends up
paying the small blind; they have "missed"?? the big blind they would have paid had the
leaving player remained in the game. Similarly, a player in the?? small blind who busts
out means the player in the big blind gets the button, missing the small blind. In?? the
special case of three players in a tournament being reduced to the two-player showdown,
any leftover blinds from other?? rules are "written off" and the Simplified method is
used, with the player "on the button" paying the small blind.
:?? The dealer button moves
to the next active player on the left, and the small and big blinds are paid?? by the
first and second players remaining to the left. This is the easiest to track and always
rotates the?? button, but results in "missed blinds". For instance, a player "under the
gun" when the player in the big blind?? busts out ends up paying the small blind; they
have "missed" the big blind they would have paid had the?? leaving player remained in the
game. Similarly, a player in the small blind who busts out means the player in?? the big
blind gets the button, missing the small blind. Moving button : As in Simplified, the
button moves to?? the left to the next active player, and the blinds move to the next two
active players. However, any "missed?? blinds" are paid by the player whom they skipped
as if they were due for the upcoming hand, with one?? blind paid per player, per hand,
biggest blind first. Any blind a player misses on a given hand because a?? bigger blind
was due will be paid by the player in the following hand. This is the most complex
ruleset?? to implement, especially if multiple players leave, but it is the fairest
method overall in terms of paying all due?? blinds and rotating last action.
: As in
Simplified, the button moves to the left to the next active player, and?? the blinds move
to the next two active players. However, any "missed blinds" are paid by the player
whom they?? skipped as if they were due for the upcoming hand, with one blind paid per
player, per hand, biggest blind?? first. Any blind a player misses on a given hand
because a bigger blind was due will be paid by?? the player in the following hand. This
is the most complex ruleset to implement, especially if multiple players leave, but?? it
is the fairest method overall in terms of paying all due blinds and rotating last
action. Dead button: Spots?? vacated by leaving players who would pay the small blind or
get the button during the next hand remain open?? for the purposes of shifting blinds and
button. Thus, the small blind may not be paid in the subsequent hand?? if the player due
to pay the small blind has vacated the spot and, therefore, is considered "dead".
However, there?? is always a big blind even if the spot is vacated by the player who is
due to pay the?? big blind; in such case, the player seated to the left of the vacated
spot pays the big blind. When?? the dealer button moves to an empty seat, it also is
considered "dead", and the last active player before the?? empty seat retains the
"privilege of last action" by default. While simple in tournament formats and the most
equitable in?? terms of paying blinds as due and when normally expected, it can result in
inequitable strategic situations regarding last action,?? and becomes harder to track if
the table is "open" (players can come and go) as in a casino.
In tournaments,?? the dead
button and moving button rules are common (replacement players are generally not a part
of tournaments). Online cash?? games generally use the simplified moving button as other
methods are more difficult to codify and can be abused by?? players constantly entering
and leaving.
Casino card rooms where players can come and go can use any of the three
rulesets,?? though moving button is most common. When a player immediately takes the
place of a player who leaves, the player?? may have the option to either pay the blinds
in the leaving player's stead, in which case play continues as?? if the player never
left, or to "sit out" until the button has moved past them, and thus the chair?? is
effectively empty for purposes of the blinds. Many card rooms do not allow new players
to sit out as?? it is highly advantageous for the new player, both to watch one or more
hands without obligation to play, and?? to enter the game in a very "late" position (on
their first hand they see all other player's actions except?? the dealer's). For these
reasons, new players must often post a "live" big blind to enter regardless of their
position?? at the table.
When there are only two players [ edit ]
The normal rules for
positioning the blinds do not apply?? when there are only two players at the table. The
player on the button is always due the small blind,?? and the other player must pay the
big blind. The player on the button is therefore the first to act?? before the flop, but
last to act for all remaining betting rounds.
A special rule is also applied for
placement of?? the button whenever the size of the table shrinks to two players. If three
or more players are involved in?? a hand, and at the conclusion of the hand one or more
players have busted out such that only two?? players remain for the next hand, the
position of the button may need to be adjusted to begin heads-up play.?? The big blind
always continues moving, and then the button is positioned accordingly.
For example, in
a three-handed game, Alice is?? the button, Dianne is the small blind, and Carol is the
big blind. If Alice busts out, the next hand?? Dianne will be the big blind, and the
button will skip past Dianne and move to Carol. On the other?? hand, if Carol busts out,
Alice will be the big blind, Dianne will get the button and will have to?? pay the small
blind for the second hand in a row.
Kill blind [ edit ]
A kill blind is a special?? blind
bet made by a player who triggers the kill in a kill game (see below). It is often
twice?? the amount of the big blind or minimum bet (known as a full kill), but can be 1.5
times the?? big blind (a half-kill) or any other amount according to house rules. This
blind is "live"; the player posting it?? normally acts last in the opening round (after
the other blinds, regardless of relative position at the table), and other?? players must
call the amount of the kill blind to play. As any player can trigger a kill, there is
?? the possibility that the player must post a kill blind when they are already due to pay
one of the?? other blinds. Rules vary on how this is handled.
A bring-in is a type of
forced bet that occurs after the?? cards are initially dealt, but before any other
action. One player, usually chosen by the value of cards dealt face?? up on the initial
deal, is forced to open the betting by some small amount, after which players act after
?? them in normal rotation. Because of this random first action, bring-ins are usually
used in games with an ante instead?? of structured blind bets.
The bring-in is normally
assigned on the first betting round of a stud poker game to the?? player whose upcards
indicate the poorest hand. For example, in traditional high hand stud games and
high-low split games, the?? player showing the lowest card pays the bring-in. In low hand
games, the player with the highest card showing pays?? the bring-in. The high card by
suit order can be used to break ties, but more often the person closest?? to the dealer
in order of rotation pays the bring-in.
In most fixed-limit and some spread-limit
games, the bring-in amount is?? less than the normal betting minimum (often half of this
minimum). The player forced to pay the bring-in may choose?? either to pay only what is
required (in which case it functions similarly to a small blind) or to make?? a normal
bet. Players acting after a sub-minimum bring-in have the right to call the bring-in as
it is, even?? though it is less than the amount they would be required to bet, or they
may raise the amount needed?? to bring the current bet up to the normal minimum, called
completing the bet. For example, a game with aR$5?? fixed bet on the first round might
have a bring-in ofR$2. Players acting after the bring-in can either call theR$2,?? or
increase it toR$5, which would count as a normal bet, not a raise. After the bet is
completed toR$5,?? the first raise must be toR$10 in accordance with the normal
limits.
In a game where the bring-in is equal to?? the fixed bet (this is rare and not
recommended), the game must either allow the bring-in player to optionally come?? in for
a raise, or else the bring-in must be treated as live in the same way as a blind,?? so
that the player is guaranteed their right to raise on the first betting round (the
"option") if all other?? players call.
Post [ edit ]
Some cash games, especially with
blinds, require a new player to post when joining a game?? already in progress. Posting
in this context means putting an amount equal to the big blind or the minimum bet?? into
the pot before the deal. This amount is also called a "dead blind". The post is a
"live" bet,?? meaning that the amount can be applied towards a call or raise when it is
the player's turn to act.?? If the player is not facing a raise when the action gets to
them, they may also "check their option"?? as if they were in the big blind.
A player who
is away from their seat and misses one or more?? blinds is also required to post to
reenter the game. In this case, the amount to be posted is the?? amount of the big or
small blind, or both, at the time the player missed them. If both must be?? posted
immediately upon return, the big blind amount is "live", but the small blind amount is
"dead", meaning that it?? cannot be considered in determining a call or raise amount by
that player. Some house rules allow posting one blind?? per hand, largest first, meaning
all posts of missed blinds are live.
Posting is usually not required if the player who
?? would otherwise post happens to be in the big blind. This is because the advantage that
would otherwise be gained?? by missing the blind, that of playing several hands before
having to pay blinds, is not the case in this?? situation. It is therefore common for a
new player to lock up a seat and then wait several hands before?? joining a table, or for
a returning player to sit out several hands until the big blind comes back around,?? so
that they may enter in the big blind and avoid paying the post. For this same reason,
only one?? set of missed blinds can be accumulated by the player; old missed blinds are
removed when the big blind returns?? to that player's seat because the player was never
in any position to gain from missing the blinds.
In online poker?? it is common for the
post to be equal in size to a big blind and to be live, just?? like the big blind. This
can create a tactical advantage for the player if they choose not to play during?? the
time they would otherwise spend in the blind in full ring games.
Straddle and sleeper
bets [ edit ]
A straddle?? bet is an optional and voluntary blind bet made by a player
after the posting of the small and big?? blinds, but before cards are dealt. Straddles
are typically used only in cash games played with fixed blind structures. Some
?? jurisdictions and casinos prohibit live straddles. Straddles are normally not permitted
in tournament formats and are rarely allowed online.
The purpose?? of a straddle is to
"buy" the privilege of last action, which on the first round with blinds is normally
?? the player in the big blind. A straddle or sleeper blind may count as a raise towards
the maximum number?? of raises allowed, or it may count separately; in the latter case
this raises the maximum total bet of the?? first round. For example, straddling is
permitted in Nevada and Atlantic City but illegal in other areas on account of
?? differences in state and local laws.[citation needed]
Live straddle [ edit ]
The player
immediately to the left of the big blind?? ("under the gun", UTG) may place a live
straddle blind bet. The straddle must be the size of a normal?? raise over the big blind.
A straddle is a live bet; but does not become a "bigger blind". The straddle?? acts as a
minimum raise but with the difference being that the straddler still gets their option
of acting when?? the action returns to them. In a no-limit game if any other player wants
to make a raise with a?? straddle on board, the minimum raise will be the difference
between the big blind and the straddle.
Example: small blind is?? at 5, big blind is 10
then a straddle would cost 20. The minimum raise would be 10, for a?? total of 30; it
doesn't need to double to 40.
Action begins with the player to the left of the
straddle.?? If action returns to the straddle without a raise, the straddle has the
option to raise. (This is part of?? what makes a straddle different from a sleeper
because a sleeper does not have the option to raise if everyone?? folds or calls around
to him.) Some casinos permit the player to the left of a live straddle to re-straddle
?? by placing a blind bet raising the original straddle.[4] Most public cardrooms do not
permit more than one re-straddle. Depending?? on house rules, each re-straddle is often
required to be double the previous straddle, so as to limit the number?? of feasible
re-straddles.
Straddling is considered poor long-term strategy by most experts, since
the benefit of obtaining last action is more?? than offset by the cost of making a blind
raise. Because straddling has a tendency to enrich the average pot?? size without a
corresponding increase in the blinds (and antes if applicable), players who sit at
tables that allow straddling?? can increase their profits considerably simply by choosing
not to straddle themselves.
Mandatory straddles [ edit ]
Straddling is voluntary at
most?? cardrooms that allow it, however house rules can make straddling obligatory at
times by using a special token (called "the?? rock") at the table. Whoever is in
possession of the "rock" is obliged to place a live straddle for double?? the big blind
when they are in the UTG position. The winner of the ensuing pot takes possession of
the?? "rock" and is obliged to make a live straddle when the UTG position comes around to
this player. If the?? pot is split the "rock" goes to the winner closest to the left
(i.e. clockwise) of the previous holder. This?? is very similar in principle to the "kill
blind" of a kill game, but does not necessarily occur in the?? same circumstances, and
the betting amounts do not have to be affected beyond the first round as in a kill
?? game.
Mississippi straddle [ edit ]
A Mississippi straddle is similar to a live
straddle, but instead of being made by the?? player "under the gun", it can be made by
any player, depending on house rules (one common variation is to?? allow this left of big
blind or on the button). House rules permitting Mississippi straddles are common in the
southern?? United States. Like a live straddle, a Mississippi straddle must be at least
the minimum raise. Action begins with the?? player to the left of the straddle (in a
common variation, action starts left of the big blind, skips over?? the straddle who is
last). If, for example (in a game withR$10�25 blinds), the button puts a liveR$50 on
it,?? the first player to act would be the small blind, followed by the big blind, and so
on. If action?? gets back to the straddle the straddle has the option of raising. The
player to the left of a Mississippi?? straddle may re-straddle by placing a blind bet
raising the original straddle.[5]
Sleepers [ edit ]
A sleeper is a blind raise,?? made
from a position other than the player "under the gun". A Mississippi straddle is a
sleeper raise given this?? definition, but Mississippi straddles can be disallowed or
restricted while sleepers are allowed at any position. A sleeper bet is?? not given the
option to raise if other players call, and the player is not buying last action; thus
the?? sleeper bet simply establishes a higher minimum to call for the table during the
opening round and allows the player?? to ignore their turn as long as no one re-raises
the sleeper bet.
Sleepers are often considered illegal out-of-turn play and?? are
commonly disallowed, but they can speed up a game slightly as a player who posts a
sleeper can focus?? their attention on other matters such as ordering a drink or buying a
tray of chips. It can also be?? an intimidation tactic as a sleeper raise makes it
unfeasible to "limp in" (a situation where a player with a?? mediocre starting hand but
acting late only has to call the minimum to see more cards), thus forcing weaker but
?? improvable starting hands out of the play.
Examples [ edit ]
A game of no-limit poker
with blinds ofR$1/$2. Alice is in?? the small blind, Dianne is in the big blind, Carol is
next to act, followed by Joane, with Ellen on?? the button.
Straddle: Alice postsR$1,
Dianne postsR$2, Carol posts a straddle ofR$4. The hole cards are dealt. Because of the
straddle,?? Joane is now first to act; she folds. Ellen calls the straddle. Alice folds.
Dianne, the big blind, calls the?? straddle by putting an additionalR$2 in the pot. Carol
has the option of checking or raising; she makes a raise?? ofR$8. Ellen folds. Dianne
calls the raise, ending betting on this round.
Mississippi straddle: Alice postsR$1,
Dianne postsR$2, Ellen, on the?? button, posts a Mississippi straddle ofR$4. Because of
the straddle, Alice, the small blind, is now first to act; she?? folds. Dianne calls the
straddle by putting an additionalR$2 in the pot. Carol folds. Joane calls the straddle.
Ellen has?? the option of checking or raising; she checks, ending betting on this
round.
Sleeper: Alice postsR$1, Dianne postsR$2, and Joane posts?? a sleeper blind ofR$4.
The hole cards are dealt. Carol acts first as last action remains with the big blind,
?? but the bet to her isR$4. She calls. There is no additional bet to Joane and she has no
option,?? so play passes over her to Ellen. She calls theR$4 as well. Alice folds.
Dianne, in the big blind, no?? longer has the option either; she must either callR$2,
raise, or fold. She raises byR$4 (total bet is nowR$8). Carol?? re-raises toR$12. The bet
is nowR$8 to Joane, who must now call, raise or fold; she calls, as do Ellen?? and
Dianne, ending the betting round.
Limits [ edit ]
Betting limits apply to the amount a
player may open or raise,?? and come in four common forms: no limit, pot limit (the two
collectively called big bet poker), fixed limit, and?? spread limit.
All such games have
a minimum bet as well as the stated maximums, and also commonly a betting unit,?? which
is the smallest denomination in which bets can be made. For example, it is common for
games withR$20 andR$40?? betting limits to have a minimum betting unit ofR$5, so that all
bets must be in multiples ofR$5, to simplify?? game play. It is also common for some
games to have a bring-in that is less than the minimum for?? other bets. In this case,
players may either call the bring-in, or raise to the full amount of a normal?? bet,
called completing the bet.
Fixed limit [ edit ]
In a game played with a fixed-limit
betting structure, a player chooses?? only whether to bet or not�the amount is fixed by
rule in most situations. To enable the possibility of bluffing?? and protection, the
fixed amount generally doubles at some point in the game. This double wager amount is
referred to?? as a big bet.
For example, a four-round game called "20 and 40 limit"
(usually written asR$20/$40) may specify that each?? bet in the first two rounds isR$20,
and that each big bet used in the third and fourth rounds isR$40.?? This amount applies
to each raise, not the total amount bet in a round, so a player may betR$20, be
?? raisedR$20, and then re-raise anotherR$20, for a total bet ofR$60, in such a game.
Some
limit games have rules for specific?? situations allowing a player to choose between a
small or big bet. For example, in seven-card stud high, when a?? player has a face-up
pair on the second round (4th street), players may choose a small or big bet (e.g.R$20
?? orR$40 in a 20�40 game).
Maximum number of raises [ edit ]
Most fixed-limit games will
not allow more than a predefined?? number of raises in a betting round. The maximum
number of raises depends on the casino house rules, and is?? usually posted conspicuously
in the card room. Typically, an initial bet plus either three or four raises are
allowed.
Consider this?? example in aR$20/$40 game, with a posted limit of a bet and
three raises. During aR$20 round with three players,?? play could proceed as
follows:
Player A betsR$20.
Player B puts in another bet, raises anotherR$20, making
itR$40 to play.
Player C puts?? in a third bet, raising anotherR$20 on that, thus making
itR$60 to play.
Player A puts in the fourth bet (they?? are usually said to cap the
betting).
Once Player A has made their final bet, Players B and C may only?? call another
two and one bets (respectively); they may not raise again because the betting is
capped.
A common exception in?? this rule practiced in some card rooms is to allow
unlimited raising when a pot is played heads up (when?? only two players are in the hand
at the start of the betting round). Usually, this has occurred because all?? other
players have folded, and only two remain, although it is also practiced when only two
players get dealt in.?? Many card rooms will permit these two players to continue
re-raising each other until one player is all in.
Kill game?? [ edit ]
Sometimes a
fixed-limit game is played as a kill game. In such a game, a kill hand is?? triggered
when a player wins a pot over a certain predetermined amount, or when the player wins a
certain number?? of consecutive hands. The player triggering the kill must post a kill
blind, generally either 1.5 times (a half kill)?? or double (a full kill) the amount of
the big blind. In addition, the betting limits for the kill hand?? are multiplied by 1.5
or doubled, respectively.
The term kill, when used in this context, should not be
confused with killing?? a hand, which is a term used for a hand that was made a dead hand
by action of a?? game official.
Spread limit [ edit ]
A game played with a spread-limit
betting structure allows a player to raise any amount?? within a specified range. For
example, a game called "one to five limit" allows each bet to be anywhere fromR$1?? toR$5
(subject to other betting rules). These limits are typically larger in later rounds of
multi-round games. For example, a?? game might be "one to five, ten on the end", meaning
that early betting rounds allow bets ofR$1 toR$5, and?? the last betting round allows
bets ofR$1 toR$10. Playing spread-limit requires some care to avoid giving easy tells
with one's?? choice of bets. Beginners frequently give themselves away by betting high
with strong hands and low with weak ones, for?? instance. It is also harder to force
other players out with big bets.
There is a variation of this known as?? "California
Spread," where the range is much higher, such as 3-100 or 10�1000. California Spread,
as the name implies, is?? played in California, Colorado, and Minnesota, where local laws
forbid no limit.
Half-pot limit [ edit ]
In a half-pot limit game,?? no player can raise
more than the half of the size of the total pot. Half-pot limit games are often?? played
at non-high-low games including Badugi in South Korea.
Pot limit [ edit ]
TABLE 1
Action Pot sizeR$20 from first roundR$20?? Starting Pot Player A betsR$5R$20 Starting
potR$ 5 Player A's bet
���
$25 New pot total Player B declares "Pot"R$20 Starting pot
$
?? 5 Player A's bet
$ 5 Player B's call*
���
$30 Pot
$30 Player B's raise*
���
$60 New pot
total (*these amounts totalR$35, Player B's?? pot raise) Player C callsR$20 Starting
pot
$ 5 Player A's bet
$35 Player B's pot raise
$35 Player C's call
���
$95 New pot
?? total Player D declares "Pot"R$20 Starting pot
$ 5 Player A's bet
$35 Player B's pot
bet
$35 Player C's call
$35 Player D's?? call*
���
$130 Pot
$130 Player D's
raise*
���
$260 New pot total (*these amounts totalR$165
Player D's pot raise) Players
A folds;
Players B and C?? callR$20 Starting pot
$ 5 Player A's bet
$ 35 Player B's pot
bet
$ 35 Player C's call
$165 Player D's pot raise
$?? 0 Player A folds
$130 Player B's
call
$130 Player C's call
���
$520 New pot total
In a pot-limit game no player can
raise?? more than the size of the total pot, which includes:
Chips collected from
previous betting rounds (Starting pot) Previous action in?? the current betting round
(Trail) A call from the player making the raise
This does not preclude a player from
raising?? less than the maximum so long as the amount of the raise is equal to or greater
than any previous?? bet or raise in the same betting round.
Making a maximum raise is
referred to as "raising the pot", or "potting",?? and can be announced by the acting
player by declaring "Raise pot", or simply "Pot".
If there isR$20 in the pot?? at the
start of a betting round in aR$2/$5 pot limit game, and Player A betsR$5, player B may
"raise?? the pot" and wagerR$35 creating a new pot total ofR$60. This is derived from
theR$20 previous round action, Player A'sR$5?? bet, Player B'sR$5 call, and player
B'sR$30 Pot Raise ($20+$5+$5+$30=$60). Bear in mind, however, thatR$60 is the new pot,
player?? B's "Pot" declaration will cost themR$35. (These actions, with additional
follow-up wagering, are laid out in Table '1' on the?? right.)
Only pot limit games allow
the dealer, on request, to inform the players of the pot size and the amount?? of a pot
raise before it's made. The dealer is also required to push any amount over the maximum
raise?? back to the offending player. Keeping track of those numbers can be harrowing if
the action becomes heated, but there?? are simple calculations that allow a dealer or
player to keep track of the maximum raise amount. Here is an?? example:
(3L+T)+S=M where:
L=last wager T=trail(action prior to previous bet) S=starting pot(previous round
action) and M=maximum bet
Going to player D's actions?? in TABLE 1 on the right:
The last
wager made was made by Player C ($35), so L=$35 The trail is?? the total of Player
A+Player B ($5+$35), so T=$40 The starting pot isR$20, so S=$20 The value of M(maximum
bet)?? isR$165 (35*3)+40+20=$165
After some practice, it is not difficult to keep up with
the action at the table.
There may be some?? variance between cash and tournament play in
pot limit betting structures, which should be noted:
At some cash tables, it may?? not be
a requirement that the dealer immediately return the extra amount of an overbet. If the
over bet is?? not contested by a player before any additional action, the wager stands.
If the overbet is contested, the dealer must?? know the overage amount, and return it to
the offending player. This is something to find out before sitting at?? the table.
be a
requirement that the dealer immediately return the extra amount of an overbet. If the
over bet is?? not contested by a player before any additional action, the wager stands.
If the overbet is contested, the dealer must?? know the overage amount, and return it to
the offending player. This is something to find out before sitting at?? the table.
Tournaments use a "True Pot" method of calculations, where the first round maximum
raise to the first acting?? player is seven times the small blind. The blinds in a cash
game, however, may not be a half and?? full bet (e.g.R$2/$5) making the calculations run
awry. In these cases a modification known as "Assumed Call" is used. Using?? an assumed
call, the maximum raise to the first acting player in the first round is four times the
big?? blind. Simply enough, the pot is treated as if the small blind had called, even if
that player folded, to?? keep the pot's math more manageable.
Because the calculations
can be confusing, especially as tournament blind levels increase, major tournaments
will?? include the amount of the small blind, big blind, minimum raise and maximum raise
with the printed blind schedule and/or?? display them on the tournament timer.
There can
be some confusion about the small blind. Some (usually home) games treat the?? small
blind as dead money that is pulled into the center pot. In aR$10/$25 pot limit game,
the small blind?? putsR$10 into the pot before the cards are dealt. Using the dead money
reasoning, the small blind would put anotherR$25?? into the pot to call the big blind,
for a total ofR$35. The big blind might then check forR$25, which?? would enable that
player to win out of proportion to their wager.
This is not equitable; it's simple
enough to consider?? that the small blind has made a half bet and must complete that bet
forR$15 to call, or raise, or?? fold forR$10.
No limit [ edit ]
A game played with a
no-limit betting structure allows each player to raise the bet?? by any amount up to and
including their entire remaining stack at any time (subject to the table stakes rules
?? and any other rules about raising).[6] There is generally a minimum opening bet, and
raises usually must be at least?? the amount of the previous raise.
Cap limit [ edit
]
Hands in a cap limit or "capped" structure are played exactly?? the same as in regular
no limit or pot limit games until a pre-determined maximum per player is reached. Once
?? the betting cap is reached, all players left in the hand are considered all-in, and the
remaining cards dealt out?? with no more wagering.
For example, in aR$1/$2 NL ($60
cap):
Player A betsR$2. Player B raises toR$10. Player C can then?? raise to a max
ofR$60, and players A & B can call theR$60 wager ($58 andR$50 respectively). There
would be?? no further wagering, and the winner would collectR$180.
Cap limit games offer
a similar action and strategy to no limit and?? pot limit games, but without risking an
entire stack on a single hand.
Table stakes rules [ edit ]
All casinos and?? most home
games play poker by what are called table stakes rules, which state that each player
starts each deal?? with a certain stake, and plays that deal with that stake. A player
may not remove money from the table?? or add money from their pocket during the play of a
hand. In essence, table stakes rules creates a maximum?? and a minimum buy-in amount for
cash game poker as well as rules for adding and removing the stake from?? play. A player
also may not take a portion of their money or stake off the table, unless they opt?? to
leave the game and remove their entire stake from play. Players are not allowed to hide
or misrepresent the?? amount of their stake from other players and must truthfully
disclose the amount when asked.
In casino games, an exception is?? customarily made for
de minimis amounts such as tips paid out of a player's stack.
Common among
inexperienced players is the?? act of "going south" after winning a big pot, which is to
take a portion of one's stake out of?? play, often as an attempt to hedge one's risk
after a win. This is also known as "ratholing" or "reducing"?? and, while totally
permissible in most other casino games, is not permitted in poker. If a player wishes
to "hedge"?? after a win, the player must leave the table entirely�to do so immediately
after winning a large pot is known?? as a "hit and run" and, although not prohibited, is
generally considered in poor taste as the other players have?? no chance to "win some of
it back".
In most casinos, once a player picks up their stack and leaves a?? table, they
must wait a certain amount of time (usually an hour) before returning to a table with
the same?? game and limits unless they buy in for the entire amount they left with. This
is to prevent circumvention of?? the rule against "ratholing" by leaving the table after
a large win only to immediately buy back in for a?? lesser amount.
Table stakes are the
rule in most cash poker games because it allows players with vastly different bankrolls
a?? reasonable amount of protection when playing with one another. They are usually set
in relation to the blinds. For example,?? in aR$1/2 No Limit cash game, the minimum stake
is often set atR$40 while maximum stake is often set atR$200,?? or 20 and 100 big blinds
respectively.
This also requires some special rules to handle the case when a player is
?? faced with a bet that they cannot call with their available stake.
A player faced with
a current bet who wishes?? to call but has insufficient remaining stake (folding does not
require special rules) may bet the remainder of their stake?? and declare themselves
all-in. They may now hold onto their cards for the remainder of the deal as if they?? had
called every bet, but may not win any more money from any player above the amount of
their bet.?? In no-limit games, a player may also go all in, that is, betting their
entire stack at any point during?? a betting round.
Side pots [ edit ]
A player who goes
"all-in" effectively caps the main pot; the player is not?? entitled to win any amount
from each player over their total stake. If only one other player is still in?? the hand,
the other player simply matches the all-in (retracting any overage if necessary) and
the hand is dealt to?? completion. However, if multiple players remain in the game and
the bet rises beyond the all-in's stake, the overage goes?? into a side pot. Only the
players who have contributed to the side pot have the chance to win it.?? In the case of
multiple all-in bets, multiple side pots can be created. Players who choose to fold
rather than?? match bets in the side pot are considered to fold with respect to the main
pot as well.
For example, with?? three players in a game, Player A, with a large stack,
opens the betting round forR$20. Player B only hasR$10.?? They call theR$10, going
all-in. Player C hasR$30, and thus can either call the fullR$20, re-raise toR$30, or
fold. Player?? C decides to "raise all-in", betting their remaining stake. The bet is
nowR$10 to Player A, who calls. Player A?? is the only player at the table with a
remaining stake; they may not make any further bets this hand.?? Because Player B can
only winR$10 from each of the other two players'R$30 bets, thatR$10 is taken from all
players'?? bets and theR$30 total is placed in the main pot. TheR$40 remaining, for which
Players A and C are separately?? contesting, goes in a side pot. As no further bets can
be made, the hand is now dealt to completion.?? It is found that Player B has the best
hand overall, and wins the main pot. Player A has the?? second-best hand, and wins the
side pot. Player C loses the hand, and must "re-buy" if they wish to be?? dealt in on
subsequent hands.
There is a strategic advantage to being all-in: such a player cannot
be bluffed, because they?? are entitled to hold their cards and see the showdown without
risking any more money. Opponents who continue to bet?? after a player is all-in can
still bluff each other out of the side pot, which is also to the?? all-in player's
advantage since players who fold out of the side pot also reduce competition for the
main pot. But?? these advantages are offset by the disadvantage that a player cannot win
any more money than their stake can cover?? when they have the best hand, nor can an
all-in player bluff other players on subsequent betting rounds when they?? do not have
the best hand.
Some players may choose to buy into games with a "short stack", a stack
of?? chips that is relatively small for the stakes being played, with the intention of
going all-in after the flop and?? not having to make any further decisions. However, this
is generally a non-optimal strategy in the long term, since the?? player does not
maximize their gains on their winning hands.
All-in before the deal [ edit ]
If a
player does not?? have sufficient money to cover the ante and blinds due, that player is
automatically all-in for the coming hand. Any?? money the player holds must be applied to
the ante first, and if the full ante is covered, the remaining?? money is applied towards
the blind.
Some cardrooms require players in the big blind position to have at least
enough chips?? to cover the small blind (and ante if applicable) in order to be dealt in.
In cash games with such?? a rule, any player in the big blind with insufficient chips to
cover the small blind will not be dealt?? in unless they re-buy. In tournaments with such
a rule, any player in the big blind with insufficient chips to?? cover the small blind
will be eliminated with their remaining chips being removed from play.[7]
If a player
is all in?? for part of the ante, or the exact amount of the ante, an equal amount of
every other player's ante?? is placed in the main pot, with any remaining fraction of the
ante and all blinds and further bets in?? the side pot.
If a player is all in for part of
a blind, all antes go into the main pot.?? Players to act must call the complete amount
of the big blind to call, even if the all-in player has?? posted less than a full big
blind. At the end of the betting round, the bets and calls will be?? divided into the
main pot and side pot as usual.
For example, Alice is playing at a table with 10
players?? in a tournament with an ante ofR$1 and blinds ofR$4/$8. Alice is due the big
blind but she only hasR$8.?? She must pay theR$1 ante and apply the remainingR$7 towards
the big blind, and she is all in. Dianne, next?? to act, callsR$8, the full big blind
amount. Carol raises toR$16 total. All remaining players fold, the small blind folds,
?? and Dianne folds. The amount in the main pot isR$10 (the sum of all antes) plus the
fullR$4 small blind?? since Alice had this amount covered, plusR$7 from Alice and every
other player who called at least that amount, namely?? Dianne and Carol. The main pot is
thereforeR$10 +R$4 + 3 �R$7 =R$35. The side pot ofR$10 ($1 in excess?? of Alice's all-in
bet from Dianne, andR$9 in excess of Alice's all-in bet from Carol) is paid immediately
to Carol?? when Dianne folds.
Incomplete bet or raise [ edit ]
If a player goes all-in
with a bet or raise rather than?? a call, another special rule comes into play. There are
two options in common use: pot-limit and no-limit games usually?? use what is called the
full bet rule, while fixed-limit and spread-limit games may use either the full bet
rule?? or the half bet rule. The full bet rule states that if the amount of an all-in bet
is less?? than the minimum bet, or if the amount of an all-in raise is less than the full
amount of the?? previous raise, it does not constitute a "real" raise, and therefore does
not reopen the betting action. The half bet?? rule states that if an all-in bet or raise
is equal to or larger than half the minimum amount, it?? does constitute a raise and
reopens the action.
For example, with the full bet rule in effect, a player opens the
?? betting round forR$20, and the next player has a total stake ofR$30. They may raise
toR$30, declaring themselves all-in, but?? this does not constitute a "real" raise, in
the following sense: if a third player now calls theR$30, and the?? first player's turn
to act comes up, they may now call the additionalR$10, but they do not have the right
?? to re-raise further. The all-in player's pseudo-raise was really just a call with some
extra money, and the third player's?? call was just a call, so the initial opener's bet
was simply called by both remaining players, closing the betting?? round (even though
they must still equalize the money by putting in the additionalR$10). If the half bet
rule were?? being used, then that raise would count as a genuine raise and the first
player would be entitled to re-raise?? if they chose to (creating a side pot for the
amount of their re-raise and the third player's call, if?? any).
In a game with a half
bet rule, a player may complete an incomplete raise, if that player still has?? the right
to raise (in other words, if that player has not yet acted in the betting round, or has
?? not yet acted since the last full bet or raise). The act of completing a bet or raise
reopens the?? betting to other remaining opponents.
For example, four players are in a
hand, playing with a limit betting structure and a?? half bet rule. The current betting
round isR$20. Alice checks, and Dianne checks. Carol goes all-in forR$5. Joane, still
to?? act, has the following options: fold, callR$5, or complete the bet to a total
ofR$20. If Joane calls theR$5, Alice?? and Dianne only have the option of calling or
folding; neither can raise. But if Joane completes, either of them?? could raise.
Opening
all-in hands [ edit ]
When all players in the pot are all-in, or one player is playing
alone?? against opponents who are all all-in, no more betting can take place. Some
casinos and many major tournaments require that?? all players still involved open, or
immediately reveal, their hole cards in this case�the dealer will not continue dealing
until?? all hands are flipped up. Likewise, any other cards that would normally be dealt
face down, such as the final?? card in seven-card stud, may be dealt face-up. Such action
is automatic in online poker. This rule discourages a form?? of tournament collusion
called "chip dumping", in which one player deliberately loses their chips to another to
give that player?? a greater chance of winning.
Open stakes [ edit ]
The alternative to
table stakes rules is called "open stakes", in which?? players are allowed to buy more
chips during the hand and even to borrow money (often called "going light"). Open
?? stakes are most commonly found in home or private games. In casinos, players are
sometimes allowed to buy chips at?? the table during a hand, but are never allowed to
borrow money or use IOUs. Other casinos, depending on protocol?? for buying chips,
prohibit it as it slows gameplay considerably.
Open stakes is the older form of stakes
rules, and before?? "all-in" betting became commonplace, a large bankroll meant an unfair
advantage; raising the bet beyond what a player could cover?? in cash gave the player
only two options; buy a larger stake (borrowing if necessary) or fold. This is commonly
?? seen in period-piece movies such as Westerns, where a player bets personal possessions
or even wagers property against another player's?? much larger cash bankroll.
In modern
open-stakes rules, a player may go all in as in table stakes if they so?? choose, rather
than adding to their stake or borrowing. Because it is a strategic advantage to go all
in with?? some hands while being able to add to one's stake with others, such games may
strictly enforce a minimum buy-in?? that is several times the maximum bet (or blinds, in
the case of a no-limit or pot-limit game). A player?? who goes all in and wins a pot that
is less than the minimum buy-in may not then add to?? their stake or borrow money during
any future hand until they re-buy an amount sufficient to bring their stake up?? to a
full buy-in.
If a player cannot or does not wish to go all-in, they may instead choose
to buy?? chips with cash out-of-pocket at any time, even during the play of a hand, and
their bets are limited only?? by the specified betting structure of the game.
Finally, a
player may also borrow money by betting with an IOU, called?? a "marker", payable to the
winner of the pot. To bet with a marker, all players still active in the?? pot must agree
to accept the marker. Some clubs and house rules forbid IOUs altogether. If the marker
is not?? acceptable, the bettor may bet with cash out-of-pocket or go all-in. A player
may also borrow money from a player?? not involved in the pot, giving them a personal
marker in exchange for cash or chips, which the players in?? the pot are then compelled
to accept. A player may borrow money to call a bet during a hand, and?? later in the same
hand go all-in due to further betting; but if a player borrows money to raise, they
?? forfeit the right to go all-in later in that same hand�if they are re-raised, they must
borrow money to call,?? or fold. A player may also buy more chips or be bought back in by
any other player for any?? given amount at any given time.
Just as in table stakes, no
player may remove chips or cash from the table?? once they are put in play (except small
amounts for refreshments, tips, and such)�this includes all markers, whether one's own
?? or those won from other players.
Players may agree before play on the means and time
limits of settling markers, and?? a convenient amount below which all markers must be
accepted to simplify play.
See also [ edit ]
Artigos relacionados
2024/1/20 14:27:49